Social-ecological Approach to the Measurement of Soundscapes

Recently, anthropogenic sources have increased the amount of persistent noise in the environment primarily from transportation networks and increasing human population. Loud soundscapes dominated by anthropogenic noise have costs, many of which have only been revealed in the last few years. Recent work has documented substantial changes in animal foraging and anti-predator behavior, reproductive success, density and community structure in response to anthropogenic noise. In this study, entitled ���Soundscapes as coupled systems of biodiversity and human experience��� we will develop a social-ecological approach to the measurement of soundscapes in National Parks.